CRS vs Adult Foster Care in Minnesota

If you're a case manager weighing residential options for a client, the CRS-versus-adult-foster-care question comes up constantly. Both serve people with disabilities or mental health needs, but they operate very differently. Here's what actually matters when you're deciding between them.

What Is a CRS (Community Residential Setting)?

A CRS — sometimes called a 245D group home — is a staffed residential program licensed under Minnesota's 245D framework. Most CRS homes serve 4 to 16 residents, with awake staff on-site around the clock. CRS providers are typically organizations that run multiple homes, and they're built for people who need consistent, structured support throughout the day.

CRS placements are funded through Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) waivers — most commonly CADI, BI, and DD waivers.

What Is Adult Foster Care?

Adult foster care is a smaller, family-style setting. A licensed foster care provider lives in the home (or nearby) and serves 1 to 4 individuals. The environment feels more like a household than a program. Adult foster care is licensed by the county and governed by Minnesota Rule 203.

These placements are also waiver-funded, but the per-diem rates are generally lower than CRS because of the smaller scale and staffing model.

Key Differences at a Glance

Size and Environment

CRS homes typically house 4 to 16 people. They're structured with shift-based staffing, scheduled activities, and program-level policies. Adult foster care homes max out at 4 residents, and the daily rhythm is closer to family life. For clients who do better in quieter, less institutional settings, foster care often wins.

Staffing Model

CRS programs have awake overnight staff and multiple staff members during the day. Staff rotate in shifts. Adult foster care relies on the primary caregiver — the foster care provider — who may have a backup or respite worker but is generally the consistent person in the home.

This matters for clients who need behavioral support at unpredictable times. CRS can absorb staffing challenges more easily. Foster care providers can burn out faster if the client's needs spike.

Licensing and Oversight

CRS falls under 245D licensing, which means DHS oversight, required staff training ratios, incident reporting protocols, and person-centered planning documentation. Adult foster care is county-licensed under Rule 203 with county-led inspections.

Both have regulatory teeth, but 245D tends to produce more standardized documentation — which can matter when you're coordinating across multiple service providers.

Cost

CRS rates are higher. You're paying for 24/7 shift staffing and organizational overhead. Adult foster care rates are lower because the provider's housing costs are partially offset by the resident's room and board payment.

For county budgets and waiver allocations, foster care stretches further. But cost shouldn't drive the decision when the client's acuity level genuinely requires CRS-level support.

Who Each Serves Best

CRS is typically the right fit when your client:

• Needs awake overnight staff due to medical or behavioral needs
• Benefits from structured programming and peer interaction
• Requires consistent staffing even when one person calls in sick
• Has a waiver that supports the higher rate

Adult foster care works well when your client:

• Thrives in a smaller, quieter environment
• Has moderate support needs that one trained caregiver can manage
• Values a family-style setting with consistent relationships
• Would be overwhelmed by a larger group home dynamic

Making the Decision

The honest answer is that the "right" placement depends more on the individual than the category. A high-functioning CRS home can feel intimate and personalized. A great foster care provider can manage complex needs with skill and warmth.

What matters most: visit the actual homes. Talk to current staff. Ask about turnover rates. Ask what happens when things go wrong at 2 AM. The licensing category sets the floor — the provider's quality sets the ceiling.

Questions to Ask During Your Search

• What's the staff-to-resident ratio during overnight hours?
• How long has the current staff team been in place?
• What behavioral support training does the team have?
• How are medical appointments and medication management handled?
• Can you speak with a current case manager who has a client placed here?

Find CRS and Adult Foster Care Openings

Searching for available beds across both setting types? Capacity Track's directory shows reported openings for CRS providers and adult foster care homes across Minnesota — so you can compare what providers have reported as open instead of making dozens of phone calls.

Browse CRS openings by county (start with Hennepin, Ramsey, Dakota, or Anoka) or see adult foster care openings.